In a general climate of uncertainty and even concern, central bank action is at the centre of attention. In accordance with their mandate, it contributes to the restoration of economic equilibrium by effectively combating inflation. It also influences the evolution of the financial markets and is therefore an essential element of the economic policies of States. The two main central banks of the developed world, the Federal Reserve in Washington and the European Central Bank, have pursued expansionary policies of money creation to deal with the crisis caused by the Covid-19 epidemic. The Chinese central bank, for its part, has ...

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There have been no examples in the recent past when the world was going to be confronted with so many situations carrying major risks, on the political or economic level, the latter often stemming from the former. The will to power of some heads of State has been at the origin of tensions and even wars in recent years, as we have seen with Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The discontent provoked by the rise in unemployment and inequality, notably attributed to globalisation, has led to a strong increase in extremist parties at each election, leading them to the gates ...

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EDF, the French electricity utility, is connecting this week the Flamanville EPR nuclear reactor to the grid. That good news, yet, is accompanied by the usual negative comments regarding the exceptional length of the works (a 12 years delay) and the construction huge cost overruns (10 billion). If these points are undisputable, they must not mask another very positive reality for France which so has reestablished its capacity to build nuclear power plants. This one had been seriously affected by several major strategic mistakes.

There was first the refusal, at the end of the Nineties, by the successive governments to ...

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