In China, the taste for metaphors is widespread. The calendar is no exception. According to the signs of the zodiac, the year that will begin will be that of the horse succeeding that of the serpent. Will the pace of growth be similar to a canter or a trot? The generally unfavourable assessment of the Chinese economy in the West makes a diagnosis and forecasts more difficult. But the country's influence on the global economy makes it essential to better understand its strengths and weaknesses.

In 2025, in an unfavorable international environment, the 5% growth target was achieved according ...

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The last two motions of censure having been rejected in the National Assembly like the four previous ones, the Prime Minister is strengthened and France, for the first time since the dissolution of 2024, has a government with a certain stability and a budget that allows the State to function. On the economic front, INSEE has published the first estimate of GDP growth for 2025. With 0.9%, it is certainly far from having returned to the past rhythms but given the international context and the political instability in the country, this result is reassuring. However, it is insufficient to ...

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Colonization has been, over the centuries, a historical phenomenon with major consequences. The Roman Empire, and even long before that, its Chinese counterpart, expanded their territories and brought their language and culture. At the end of the Middle Ages, the European nations imposed their domination on the New Continent and as far as Asia. What animated the leaders was above all their desire for power. Gradually, the security of trade routes and access to raw materials that these states lacked were additional motivations.

Decolonization began at the end of the eighteenth century with the creation of the United States, facilitated ...

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