At a time when the United States is witnessing a return to protectionism and the implementation of an economic policy aimed at making America great again (MAGA) and based on unilateralism, China, at the last meeting of the BRICS member countries, extolled the merits of globalization, multilateralism and win-win cooperation between countries. When Washington withdrew from the Paris Agreement and openly criticized international organizations, Beijing strengthened its participation in them by becoming more integrated into the World Trade Organization and strengthening its policy to fight climate change.

What might appear to be a paradox is in fact the consequence of ...

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Energy is a strategic sector for the economic life as well as for the independence of a country. The State, all over the world, intervenes to ensure the security of supplies and to ensure that companies and households have access to them at prices that do not affect their competitiveness and protect their purchasing power. The sector is also essential for the environment. The production and consumption of the various forms of energy must limit as much as possible the release of particles that are harmful to the health of the inhabitants living in the vicinity as well as the ...

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The main reason put forward by the rating agency Fitch when it reduced France's rating from AA- to A+, was the country's political instability at a time when it was facing a deterioration in its public finances. The very alarmist speeches of the previous government, probably made to get unpopular measures accepted, could not leave the agency indifferent. But the A+ rating remains a good level and the financial markets have understood this since the CAC 40 ended up 0.9% today and the Agence France-Trésor issued nearly 8 billion euros of Treasury Bills (BTF) without difficulty ...

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