In France, adopted actions in the name of the protection of the environment prioritize more interdictions and do not enough appeal to innovation. Low emissions zones have been instituted in several big cities and the circulation of vehicles which are not complying with some criteria have been forbidden. The sale of vehicles with thermal engines will be prohibited from 2035. At last, homes which need energy consumption above some levels will be impeached to be rented.

But the putting into application of these measures will arouse strong oppositions and it is not sure that they can be maintained. Atop of ...

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Economic science is frequently based on reasonings. They could reveal themselves right and the authorities which have taken the decisions which were based on them and their populations are taking the benefits. But they can also lead to failures with heavy consequences; this is not new and this not only regards France. A century ago, Keynes, then a member of the British delegation which was negotiating what will become the Versailles Treaty resigned because he thought that the sanctions imposed to Germany were too heavy and could send the country into a crisis. We know what happened after, with the ...

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In a few days, the French government is going to announce the great lines of its project regarding the retirement system reform. It is a continuous point in the State concerns. Three years ago, a full reform trying to create a universal pension plan with points had been proposed and then abandoned in front of the concerned populations hostility. This reform has also as an objective to show, especially to its European partners, its willingness to control public expenditures at a time when, due to the several crisis France has known, the public deficit is very superior to the 3 ...

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