In a world marked by military and commercial conflicts with serious economic consequences, close cooperation between European states has never been so essential, but never have the institutions created for this purpose appeared so incapable of responding to these challenges. By invading Ukraine, Russia had disrupted the conditions of access to fossil fuels. By triggering a trade war, Washington was disrupting the supply chains of European companies. By transforming its economic model, China had allowed the birth of industrial groups taking advantage of the size of their domestic market and posing a threat to their European counterparts.

Since its creation ...

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The aggravation of international tensions should not make us forget the current fragility of the economic and financial balances in which the stability of the dollar and the resulting confidence must play an essential role. In the past, taxes were successively assigned three missions: to finance public spending, then to contribute to the redistribution of income to correct inequalities, and finally, with the application of Keynesian principles, to act on economic activity by stimulating investment and household consumption through the budget deficit.

After decades during which wealth accumulated, even if it was not evenly distributed, and the exchange of goods ...

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At a time when international tensions are rising and the need for a solid and united Europe has never been stronger, one country, Poland, closely affected by the threats resulting from these tensions, elects an openly Eurosceptic far-right president. A period of cohabitation began with the government of Donald Tusk, a convinced European and very committed to finding a solution to the Ukrainian crisis. The case of Poland is not isolated. The next day, the leader of the Dutch far-right party, Geert Wilders, left the coalition, forcing Prime Minister Schoof to resign and call elections. The coming to power of ...

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