The fact that the President of the United States did not consult or at least inform European leaders of the launch of military operations in Iran did not surprise anyone. However, the continent, which imports almost all of its fossil fuels, will be one of the regions of the planet that will bear the heaviest economic consequences. This situation is to be compared to the White House's taking charge of discussions with Moscow with a view to finding a way out of the war in Ukraine and where Europe, although directly concerned, is kept on the sidelines. This can ...

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The figures for energy consumption and production for the year 2025 and the Multi-Year Energy Program of France (PPE) for the period 2025-2035 have just been published simultaneously. Over one year, the production of the nuclear fleet remained stable at around 360 TWh but electricity and natural gas consumption fell by 4.5 and 5.9% respectively. The energy deficit has been reduced to €50 billion, thanks in particular to electricity exports, which reached a record level of 95 TWh, thus contributing €5.5 billion to the trade balance.

The PPE, published two years late, is presented in a decree ...

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The increase in climatic incidents is raising awareness that the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the cause. It is then the responsibility of States to conduct policies aimed at reducing them. But a consensus is difficult to reach because the phenomenon is global and there is no link between a country's action and the benefits it will be able to derive from it. It is the accumulation over the years that is the cause. Emerging countries, because of their growth, generate more and more emissions, but they can legitimately claim that they are much less responsible ...

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