The consequences of climate change are more visible every day, even if their media coverage accentuates the perception of the phenomenon. This is not new. At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the contrary, there were fears of a cooling that would make the Earth, like the Moon, a dead planet. This fear inspires novelists. Jules Verne proposes a Journey to the Center of the Earth and Ray Bradbury, in his Martian Chronicles, imagines that Earthlings will have to emigrate to Mars to survive. Soon after, there were concerns about the presence of unidentified flying objects in the sky ...

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EDF, the French electricity utility, is connecting this week the Flamanville EPR nuclear reactor to the grid. That good news, yet, is accompanied by the usual negative comments regarding the exceptional length of the works (a 12 years delay) and the construction huge cost overruns (10 billion). If these points are undisputable, they must not mask another very positive reality for France which so has reestablished its capacity to build nuclear power plants. This one had been seriously affected by several major strategic mistakes.

There was first the refusal, at the end of the Nineties, by the successive governments to ...

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The approach of the maturities fixed by the European Commission begins to start to become aware about the challenges and the risks to which a strategic industrial sector is confronted with. It would be the time. In 2035, the sale of cars with a thermal engine will be forbidden. From 2025, the carmakers which will not reach a determined level of sales of private electric vehicles will be hurt by penalties which could reach several billion each year. These arrangements have as an objective to reduce the CO2 emissions of the States-members. They have been adopted by the European Parliament ...

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