The Richard Branson short trip into space aboard his launching-airplane whose realization he had financed  as the coming stay in space of Jeff Bezos, also aboard a capsule whose he looked after the conception show how to which point innovation can create surprises. Who could have forecasted, during the Fifties, that the space competition between the United States and the Soviet Union could one day lead to leisure activities? Ray Bradbury, in his Martian Chronicles published at that time was rather imagining an invasion of Mars, at the beginning of the 21th century by the Earth inhabitants, impatient to extend ...

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On the European market, the barrel of oil price is nearing 80$, at its highest for three years. This trend is all the more spectacular since it comes at a time when the OPEC members are not achieving an agreement about the evolution of their production. Traditionally, in this case, prices were falling because the lack of an agreement allowed each member to increase its production and the total supply quickly became superior to the demand. The United Arab Emirates have blocked the negotiation because they ask a reevaluation of their quota of 600 000 barrels per day. But they ...

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When, in 1969, Lionel Stoleru published his book, the imperative industrial necessity, he doesn’t doubt himself to which point the issue of the role of the industry in the French economy will become, during the following fifty years, a major public preoccupation. The Glorious Thirty are at their top. Unemployment doesn’t exist thanks to the growth and to an atypical demographic curb, the barrel of oil costs only a few dollars but inflation is high. Foreign exchanges are mainly devoted to the supply of commodities and globalization is an unknown concept even if Japan rise in the sectors ...

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