The succession of crisis which have hurt the Western Countries for fifteen years with successively the sub-primes, the risk of explosion of the euro zone, the Covid-19 pandemic and at last the invasion of Ukraine by Russia has, each time, put the central banks at the heart of the measures devised by the governments to soften their economic consequences. Even when their status was explicitly or not guaranteeing their independence and their freedom of action and when their mandates were fixing the price stability as their main objective, their policies had to be in keeping with a context of international ...

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It is frequently said we must not be guided by fear. But is it a good manner to govern to frighten the people of your country? In a few days, we have just had two declarations of high public officials about the dangers for the public finances the increase of interest rates and  inflation represent on the charges generated by the country indebtedness. They included catastrophic numbers without any link with reality. The non-expressed objective was, of course, to make a pressure on the opinion in order to stop to be in favor of wages and social benefits increases to ...

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The French voters, when they went to vote, have given their votes with never before observed proportions to extremist political groups. During the presidential election, the candidate of the Rassemblement National, the new name of the former Front National, was qualified for the second round in reaching the second place, just above the far-left candidate. She then got more than 40% of the votes. During the election for the National Assembly, with a very high level of abstentions, the two extremist formations, the France Unbowed with 79 elected and the Rassemblement National with 89 elected, have got a never observed ...

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