The International Energy Agency has just published its report on the consumption and production of electricity in the world. Growth was 4.2% and an average growth of 4% is forecast for the years 2025 to 2027. In three years, world production will increase by 3500 TWh. To assess the extent of this increase, it is sufficient to recall that France's annual production in recent years has averaged about 500 TWh per year. This growth is higher than the growth of the world economy, despite the efforts made in many countries to moderate their energy consumption. The world has ...

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The consequences of climate change are more visible every day, even if their media coverage accentuates the perception of the phenomenon. This is not new. At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the contrary, there were fears of a cooling that would make the Earth, like the Moon, a dead planet. This fear inspires novelists. Jules Verne proposes a Journey to the Center of the Earth and Ray Bradbury, in his Martian Chronicles, imagines that Earthlings will have to emigrate to Mars to survive. Soon after, there were concerns about the presence of unidentified flying objects in the sky ...

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 In a general climate of uncertainty and even concern, central bank action is at the centre of attention. In accordance with their mandate, it contributes to the restoration of economic equilibrium by effectively combating inflation. It also influences the evolution of the financial markets and is therefore an essential element of the economic policies of States. The two main central banks of the developed world, the Federal Reserve in Washington and the European Central Bank, have pursued expansionary policies of money creation to deal with the crisis caused by the Covid-19 epidemic. The Chinese central bank, for its part, has ...

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