Is the succession of crisis which are affecting the world going to generate an irreversible economic and social mutation and to transform the development model of the countries? The Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the geopolitical tensions it has involved to which must be added the taking into consideration of the climate risk which is generalizing cannot remain without lasting consequences, even if one day, sooner or later, the effects of that pandemic will be completely controlled and the peace will have  been restored in Ukraine. Growth during the 20^th century has, before everything, been provided by ...

Continue reading

It is always difficult to achieve two different objectives in the same time, a green France, as an example for the whole world and a re-industrialized France to get back full employment and energy independence. But the past action in the nuclear power production and the one, today decided in Brussels, supported by Paris, regarding car industry, provide good examples of what it must not to be done if we want to reach these two objectives, along with being conscient of the real France weight in this essential stake which is the fight against climate warming.

It exists four major ...

Continue reading

In less than thirty years, once the unification of the Eastern provinces was successfully achieved, Germany has become the good if not the best pupil of the European Union. It could so set its conditions for the creation of the euro, bolstered by its foreign trade surplus, the rigorous management of its public finances and its low inflation. It revived the great principles which had made its prosperity. As far as back 1895, Paul Valery, the French essayist, had shown that it was coming from its ability “to make returning the maximum of wealth from all the places in the ...

Continue reading