Two major international meetings will be held at the end of the week. Leaders from the U.S, Canada, Japan, Germany, Italy and France, the country which hosts the Summit will get together in Biarritz. The creation of such “Summits” was decided in the middle of the Seventies. Their purpose was mainly economic. At that time, the world is emerging from the fixed currencies system instituted after the war and crisis are going one after the other. So heads of States and of governments are considering it is useful to talk to each other, to get informed about the intentions ...

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For several weeks, we don’t count the number of pessimistic forecasts or even catastrophic ones made by economists. That has started at the end of last year with Alain Minc who thought that “the financial markets fall was unavoidable”. We saw during 2019 first half their strongest rise for more than ten years. The origin of this pessimism results both in the situation of the major countries as it is presented and the observed rebound of international tensions which is affecting trust in the future. It is also the consequence of what the Queen of England said one day ...

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Threat is almost always a bad advisor. The artificial putting together between the heat wave which is hurting France and climate change is exploited by lobbies to promote green radical solutions as « carbon neutrality », a concept whose definition is fuzzy and depends from the one who is putting it forward, or even the “de-carbonization” of the society. The adoration for innovation is called to help to save the planet and the electric, autonomous and connected car is proposed as a credible solution. These debates are not new and we just have to read again Jules Verne, the science-fiction father, to ...

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