When, in 1969, Lionel Stoleru published his book, the imperative industrial necessity, he doesn’t doubt himself to which point the issue of the role of the industry in the French economy will become, during the following fifty years, a major public preoccupation. The Glorious Thirty are at their top. Unemployment doesn’t exist thanks to the growth and to an atypical demographic curb, the barrel of oil costs only a few dollars but inflation is high. Foreign exchanges are mainly devoted to the supply of commodities and globalization is an unknown concept even if Japan rise in the sectors ...

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The publication of the revised numbers of the French economy during the 2021 1st quarter has received few comments so the impact of the sanitary crisis makes analysis difficult. Instead of a very thin growth published in the first estimation (+0.1%), INSEE announces a GDP fall by 0.4%. The perturbations on the economic agents behaviors generated by the measures decided by the government or by the anticipations regarding the covid-19 pandemic next steps are difficult to evaluate with accuracy. But the revision to a lower level nevertheless put as evidences the country difficulties to prepare its crisis exit ...

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The purpose is not a new one. Previously, during the Seventies, appeared the need to separate growth, indispensable for guaranteeing employment and the level of life increase, with energy consumption. The two oil shocks had destabilized foreign trades and France, at that time, was not protected by the euro against the speculation caused by its external deficit. Energy supply safety had become a priority, which had lead to the choice in favor of nuclear power production. Today, the stakes are the climate but the objective is the same: it is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions coming from energy consumption, and ...

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