The sanitary crisis had already shown the unsuitability of the European rules in the energy area. The break of several supply chains had provoked tensions on fossil fuels which were, especially in France, passed on power prices. The States had to intervene to protect the purchasing power and the situation of enterprises whose production costs would be weighted down.To that already fragile situation are added now the consequences of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia which is one of the main supplier of fossil fuels of Europe. Its exports constitute an essential source of revenue and allow to financing ...

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Climate warming is, for the first time, one of the major issues in the French presidential elections. Each candidate pledges his credibility on the answers he proposes but these ones are frequently hazy and even sometimes in contradiction with the other proposals inscribed in their programs. To announce ambitious objectives about the reduction of greenhouse emissions is not enough. The achievement of these objectives must be credible and square with the challenges with which the world is confronted. To bring convincing answers, it is necessary to take into account three realities.

First, climate warming is a global phenomenon. It is ...

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The controversy about the presence of the European flag above the Unknown Soldier tomb under the Triumph Arch is revealing of the limits of the French people adhesion to Europe. What has hurt was the disappearance of the French flag in an emblematic place of their history. Europe, yes, but definitely not if that makes France disappearing. These good sense considerations have been forgotten by these who have taken that decision. That has lead to the opposite effect from the sought-after objective and has provoked an opinion rejection instead of a celebration of the moment when the country was taking ...

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