French people will elect its next President of the Republic April 10^th and 24^th  Only the two tops candidates after the 1^st round will be present in the 2^nd round. The electoral campaign occurs in an unprecedented context. The media attention is focused on the war in Ukraine. Comments regarding this election everyday are about the results of the last poll opinion and the candidates ranking, as if it was about the Tour de France, and about their personality. When they are interviewed, they are questioned first about their comments on actuality and much more rarely ...

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On March 31st 2022, the rate of the 10 years bond issued by the French State has reached 1,02%. At the beginning of the month, this rate was 0.43% and, a year ago, -0.35%. This rebound is not the consequence of investors mistrust about France due to a strongly growing indebtedness because it is general in the euro-zone and the spread with the German bond on the same maturity has little fluctuated around 40 basis points. It is more revealing of the financial markets moves about the anticipations of the European Central Bank action. The phenomenon is ...

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The sanitary crisis had already shown the unsuitability of the European rules in the energy area. The break of several supply chains had provoked tensions on fossil fuels which were, especially in France, passed on power prices. The States had to intervene to protect the purchasing power and the situation of enterprises whose production costs would be weighted down.To that already fragile situation are added now the consequences of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia which is one of the main supplier of fossil fuels of Europe. Its exports constitute an essential source of revenue and allow to financing ...

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