The announcement by the rating agency Moody's that France AA will be maintained with a negative outlook is a refutation of the catastrophist discourse widely spread in the political world and in the media. AA is one of the best ratings in the euro area, but the negative outlook is justified by the lack of clarification on the 2026 and 2027 budgets, with the risk of a return to the same political instability that followed the dissolution of the National Assembly in 2024. It is this instability and not the situation of public finances that was at the origin ...