The point is at the heart of the political debate and of the economic policy as the decline of the French industry, despite all the measures taken for more than ten years, seems more and more obvious. But to appreciate its extent, we must not take the wrong indicator. The most frequently quoted is the continuous diminution of the industry value-added share in the GDP. But it is not the most convincing because this relative fall may also come from a stronger growth of the other sectors of activity, especially in the services with the development of tourism or of ...

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Fitch notation agency has announced that the France would been downgraded to AA-. The two other agencies, Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s would inform of their decision before next summer but it would be surprising if none of these two doesn’t do the same. It is the third downgrading since France has lost its AAA in 2012, following the crisis of the euro. Reasons given by the agency refer, along with the public deficit and indebtedness, to the deterioration of the social climate which would make more difficult the adoption of the new measures, necessary to reduce ...

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Among the many tensions which are hurting the world, the evolution of the relations between China and the United States was the one which was offering both the highest economic risks and the threat of a war between two nuclear powers. The affirmation by the White House that Beijing constituted a strategic rival with an escalation of protectionist measures from the two sides and the major crisis regarding peace which could occur about the situation in Taiwan has betrayed a degradation which seemed to be irreversible of the relations between the two biggest economies in the world.

The declaration of ...

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