The purpose is not a new one. Previously, during the Seventies, appeared the need to separate growth, indispensable for guaranteeing employment and the level of life increase, with energy consumption. The two oil shocks had destabilized foreign trades and France, at that time, was not protected by the euro against the speculation caused by its external deficit. Energy supply safety had become a priority, which had lead to the choice in favor of nuclear power production. Today, the stakes are the climate but the objective is the same: it is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions coming from energy consumption, and ...

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Ten years ago, happened the Fukushima disaster. Many articles and reports are coming back to this dramatic event which has caused thousands of deaths in Japan and has warned world opinion about the nuclear risk. At that time, the consequences on the population and on environment are by large described but it is to early to make the distinction between a natural catastrophe and a major nuclear accident. Today, it is not anymore the case and many reports including the last United Nations one are clearly establishing the facts and their consequences. Despite that the confusion is still maintained and ...

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Almost a year ago, in the middle of the corona virus pandemic, oil price on the American market became briefly negative. In reality, it was a quotation on future markets but that was showing the gap between the too much abundant supply and a weak demand. Stocking capacities were saturated and so buyers were ready to pay in order they were allowed to renouncing to take the deliveries of the black gold they acquired some months before at the agreed date. That unprecedented situation was frequently interpreted as the first signal of the decline of that raw material until then ...

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