By choosing this term as the title of his documentary on the construction of the Grande Arche de La Défense, the author was conforming to a very French fault, systematically denigrating everything that has succeeded. He perfectly describes the circumstances in which this project was born. At the beginning of 1982, the President of the Republic decided to carry out several major projects of both an economic and cultural nature. Building a large building on the site then called "La Tête Défense" was part of it and gave rise to a competition in which several hundred architects ...

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The multiple crises that have occurred in recent years, the invasion of Ukraine by Russia or the protectionist push of the Trump administration for example, have lent credence to the idea that we are witnessing the end of globalization. However, this has been an essential factor in the evolution of the main economies over the last fifty years and its questioning could have major consequences on the growth and standard of living of the populations concerned, but also on the geopolitical balances.

It all started in the 70s with the emergence of "multinationals". These companies, most often American, had conquered ...

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The increase in climatic incidents is raising awareness that the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the cause. It is then the responsibility of States to conduct policies aimed at reducing them. But a consensus is difficult to reach because the phenomenon is global and there is no link between a country's action and the benefits it will be able to derive from it. It is the accumulation over the years that is the cause. Emerging countries, because of their growth, generate more and more emissions, but they can legitimately claim that they are much less responsible ...

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