The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has disrupted the oil and natural gas supply in many countries and have made wake up of the necessity to grant security to the power production. The prices increases which have resulted from that have forced the States to adopt measures which were costly for their public finances to protect consumers and to permit the survival of enterprises, confronted with production and operating costs increases which they couldn’t pass on to their clients; The choice, consisting in betting on renewables to take over from fossil energies revealed itself wrong, Germany brought the proof ...

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Numerous have been the comments about the Chinese real estate crisis with the near bankruptcy of two among the biggest property developers Evergrande and Country Garden, affected by a huge debt and an incapability to deliver the homes which had been bought by their clients. This situation has been considered as revealing of the current and the coming difficulties of the Chinese economy. But Beijing has just announced that measures will be taken to limit the financial consequences of that crisis which could have endangered the country banking system.

To the opposite, the spectacular fall in France of the building ...

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In economy as in politics, formulas have a hard life. So to the Glorious Thirties, according to the title of Jean Fourastié book, coming from 1946 to 1975, would have been followed, after the two oil crisis, by forty years of mistakes which would explain the difficulties France is today confronted with. But the reality is quite different. The Glorious Thirties have not been as glorious as it is said and during the Eighties have been accomplished realizations France would be proud and which have changed French people life.

The judgment carried about the post-war years largely rests on the ...

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